The fuel cap is not the issue, the fuel tank has to be vented to work, although it is not supposed to be vented by that gasket, it will not hurt anything. If you have not run the car through the stock tank and fuel lines, the issue is probably that the fuel lines, or the sock inside the tank are just clogged. Happens all the time with old cars. When you looked inside the carb was there any fuel in the bowl? Easy test here, just disconnect the fuel line from the carb and put the line into a jug, then crank the engine, you should be getting a lot of fuel coming out as soon as you crank the engine. If nothing is coming out then you have either a bad fuel pump or you fuel lines or sock inside the tank are clogged. If not just connect everything back to your boat tank, and see if it now starts. Be careful when checking fuel pressure/flow at the carb with an open jug, you do not want the fuel to go everywhere, especially not on the distributor, you do not want to start a fire. If you are just not getting fuel to the fuel pump, you can remove the rubber fuel line either back at the tank, or at the front at the fuel pump and just put air pressure into it with a compressor with a blow gun and blow all the debris out of it. I would prefer to do it first from the fuel tank side, with the rubber hose disconnected from the fuel pump, so that all the debris fall to the floor and does not get pushed back into the fuel tank and the sock. Most people do it from the fuel pump side as it is easier, but unless you remove the rubber hose from the fuel sender you will just push all the junk into the fuel tank and sock. If after clearing the fuel lines, you do not get any fuel to the pump, then the sock is clogged, just remove the fuel line at the fuel pump and just blow it all out again, this time leave the fuel line connected to the sender so that it blows out the debris on the sock.
Also get some clear plastic fuel filters, if your lines are clogged with debris, you will have a ton of crap inside the lines and tank that will not just go away. You will need to watch the fuel filter and change it as soon as you see it start to clog.